Introduction

The UNIVERSITY X program to HND graduates to develop new generation of construction engineers upon the completion of the training. This report is about project exposure and technical designing and planning. Because employees, using earthmoving machines, temporary works, methods of constructing complex foundations, design for bridges structure and safety workings are under controlled by Site-Engineers of managing. So, we need to consider from many views of the project; this can benefit from sub-structure and super-structure. I heard one of the quotes and is “The future belongs to those who prepare for it today”. This is because nothing is too late to do something, and the future will come true if we cross one’s mind in time. So I start to answer my task

1.The utilisation of earthmoving equipment and concepts

In highway project, we usually need to consider many factors such as safety, weather condition, topography, environment, the efficiency of earthmoving plants, road facilities, road safety, technical designs, construction supervision, electrical installation, and socio-economic issues are very important. Everybody needs safe in construction because we are working in like bombing region every place is full of vehicles and construction materials, so we need to think about hazards. And also weather condition, we are working in agoraphobic. In many places, it can be there is no trees, lake and shade. If the sun is too bright, we need shelter for taking a rest during intervals.

In the first step, we investigate local subsoil conditions and geotechnical maps. So we bring the sample of local subsoil to the laboratory and determine environmental topography. Somewhere may exist in forest, hill and common. But we make the highway road far from cities and nearly on lowlander. We also think about the connection between roads and adjacent building structures the environmental impacts from noise, wind, air pollution and traffic vibration. And we hire surveyors for checking the topography. At that time, the result gest out, so should we cut or fill soil or rock from its natural location. If the hill exists, we cut it with a bulldozer or explode it with dynamite. Someplace may be slope; we fill it with needed soil level and rock.

If the soil is bad, just like shale, we combine it with chemical or dunghill because it affects the soil level and economics. In that case, earthmoving is a high-cost item, but we use intelligent selection and efficient earthmoving plant and equipment. For clearing, we were excavating, loading, hauling, spreading, compacting, trenching, maintaining macadam road, slant finishing, rock breaking, and finally paving with bituminous. And we think about economic issues because we let the earthmoving equipment chronological lead, and fuel is needed for operating. So we work in time exactly and sparing of cost.

Bulldozer

We use a bulldozer for cutting soil or rock. A bulldozer is a continuous tractor equipped with metal plate for pushing a large amount of soil, sand, and rubble in construction. It is used for road building, construction, mining, forestry and land clearing. For highway project, we use many large bulldozers to cut the soil level, especially over the ground. We need a small bulldozer for a narrow roadway depending on the roadway project and topography—another type of bulldozer equipped with four wheels or caterpillar tractor and a hydraulic, articulated steering system. Caterpillar tractors and swamp tracks can prevent from sinking in sandy or muddy ground. If the highway is too long, we need to think about the section area to work with these vehicles and employees. It benefits in time and can do more than of working by human’s force.

Excavator

After cutting and cleaning the sketch roadway, we excavated the ground with an excavator because we will make the highway road, so we need a highway that stabilizes soil road standards. It has a dipper stick and cab for undercarriage with tracks or wheels. They are called power shovel. Every movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished using hydraulic fluid, hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors. This is because, for linear excavation, their mode of function is different from cable-operated excavators.

Furthermore, we use pile for electric communication along the highway road to get the light in night travelling and traffic light in highway road to see the roadway, so we need to excavate the ground or piling. Next, we need drainage to flow water from the road in the rainy season and winter. Excavation is essential in that case, so we excavate it and build it with bricks and concrete along the highway road, and drainage’s width will calculate depending on highway length. After excavation, the sand comes out from the underground. At that time, we clean or bring it with a wheel loader.

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